Magazine Issues

October 2025

Cover Story & Features

The newest generation of antiobesity medications (AOMs)—GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), dual action GLP-1/GIP combinations, triple action injectables, and emerging injectable and oral medications—have changed the landscape for weight management, bringing weight loss success to many for whom weight maintenance had previously not been possible.

At the most fundamental level, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a metabolic disease of the retina. When excessive glucose is present in the blood stream—as is the case with poorly controlled type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes—several metabolic pathways are upregulated to handle the hyperglycemic state.

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