News
Sense of Community Drives Farmers' Markets Growth
More Americans than ever before are supporting their local food markets, and it's not just because they believe the food is fresher and tastes better.
According to a University of Iowa study, people are shopping at farmers' markets and joining food co-ops at record numbers because they enjoy knowing who grows their food. These so-called "locavores" are also driven to eat locally grown produce and meat because their commitment to do so makes them feel a part of something greater than themselves—a community that shares their passion for healthful lifestyles and a sustainable environment.
For these enthusiasts, supporting the local food movement is a sort of civic duty, an act to preserve their local economy against the threats of globalization and big-box stores.
"It's not just about the economical exchange; it's a relational and ideological exchange as well," says Ion Vasi, PhD, an associate professor with a joint appointment in the university's department of sociology and Tippie College of Business and a corresponding author of the study.
Vasi says the local food market is what sociologists call a "moralized market," that is, a market in which people combine economic activities with their social values. Among their findings, the researchers discovered local food markets were more likely to develop in areas where residents had a strong commitment to civic participation, health, and the environment.
"It's about valuing the relationship with the farmers and people who produce the food and believing that how they produce food aligns with personal values," Vasi says.
Vasi shared the results of the study at the American Sociology Association annual meeting in Chicago this past summer.
For his study, Vasi examined the development of local food markets by looking at the number of farmers' markets, food co-ops, community-supported agriculture providers, and local food restaurants in cities across the United States. Researchers also conducted 40 interviews with consumers and producers in different local food markets in Iowa and New York.
From a historical perspective, the recent growth of local food markets is rather surprising. In 1971, Jane Pyle predicted farmers' markets were "doomed by a changing society" in an article penned for The Geographical Review. At the time, there were about 340 farmers' markets left in the United States and many were "populated by resellers, not farmers, and were on the verge of collapse," Pyle wrote.
Some 20 years later, the tide was beginning to turn.
According to the USDA, national direct-to-consumer food sales increased three-fold between 1992 and 2007, growing twice as fast as total agricultural sales. The growth has continued as number of farmers' markets listed in the USDA National Farmers' Markets increased from 3,706 in 2004 to 8,268 in 2014. Plus, university researchers found the number of Internet searches for farmers' markets has almost tripled during that same 10-year period and the number of newspaper articles that mention farmers' markets has almost quadrupled.
So, what's behind this desire to know who grows your food and how it's produced? It was the onslaught of big-box stores and globalization forces that reignited "buy local" campaigns across the country in the 1990s, researchers say.
"A growing number of communities have attempted to gain control of their own economies by encouraging civic engagement that supports investing in locally owned businesses instead of outside companies," they wrote.
Sara Rynes, PhD, a professor of management and organizations in the Tippie College of Business and coauthor of the study, says the researchers also found that local food markets, whether farmers' markets, food co-ops, or otherwise, were more likely to be located in cities and counties with higher education levels, higher income levels, and more institutions of higher education.
— Source: University of Iowa