Table 1

Cooking Methods

Cooking Method (Dry)

Cooking Method (Moist)

Type

Definition

Type

Definition

Broil

To cook food from heat above

Boil

To cook in a liquid at 212ºF

Grill

To cook food from heat below

Braise

To cook food in a closed container with liquid in the oven or on top of the stove

Roast

To cook food in dry heat with the aid of fat

Pan Fry

To cook food in preheated fat or oil partially immersed

Rotisserie

To cook food in dry heat while food is rotating

Poach

To cook food in a liquid at a temperature below boiling

Sauté

To cook food in a preheated pan or griddle with minimum amount of fat

Stew

To cook small pieces of food at below simmering point with liquid

 

Table 2

Common Food Temperatures

Food

Internal Temperature (°F)

Ground beef, pork, veal, lamb

160

Ground turkey, chicken

165

Fresh beef, veal, lamb (medium rare)

145

Fresh beef, veal, lamb (medium)

160

Poultry breasts, roast

170

Poultry thighs, wings

180

Fresh pork (medium)

160

Fish

145 (opaque and flaky)